Hernandez Mathematical content and domain: Algebra-quadratic functions Reference: Algebra 2: Explorations and Applications, McDougal Littell, 1998, p. estimate the value of pi from their experimental probabilities.determine the experimental probability of a point lying in a quarter circle from the random set, and.determine the geometric probability of a point lying in the quarter circle,.Students will initially use the TI-83 graphing calculator and then Fathom software to: To meet this objective, students will generate a random set of points lying in a quarter circle that is inscribed in a unit square. Short description: The objective of this project is to explore using probability to approximate the value of pi. Hernandez Mathematical content and domain: Algebra-probability Using Probability to Approximate Piĭavid N. The activity would be appropriate in a course introducing concepts in regression analysis or at a more advanced level (such as AP Statistics) to reinforce and extend these ideas. This optimization technique connects students' knowledge of quadratic functions with statistics, and in the process, deepens their understanding of the least squares linear regression line. Building on intuitive guess-and-check methods to estimate the least squares line, students experiment with the underlying quadratic relationship between slope and residuals to accomplish this goal more effectively. This activity uses dynamic statistical software (Fathom) to engage students in an exploration of this concept. How does one determine a best-fit line for a set of data? One approach is to find the line with the smallest overall error in prediction, or more precisely, the line that minimizes the sum of the squared deviations from the observed data to that line. A Parabolic Path to a Best Best-Fit Line:įinding the Least Squares Regression LineBy Exploring the Relationship between Slope and Residuals This lesson is intended for any student in Pre-AP Algebra I or an Algebra II class. Marla Cortes This lesson uses the least squares linear regression to explore the squares in least squares and minimize the areas of the squares built on residuals for a 100m freestyle Olympic comparison of Men's winning times and Women's winning times from 1948 to 1992. Students are also led to find the equations for the graphs for these figures. There are three extensions to this activity: squares, circles, and triangles. Students are led to discover the equations for the borders of this, somewhat surprising, graph. Using Fathom, the graph of the areas of 1000 random rectangles are plotted as a function of their perimeters. The activity relates to the relationship, initially, between the area and perimeters of rectangles. The last four pages, involving triangles, require a comfort with quadratic equations. The first six pages of the activity are fully approachable by students who have seen equations of parabolas, but less advanced students will still get a lot out of the activity. This activity is designed for teachers to use in algebra or geometry classes. What is the relationship between the area of a rectangle and its perimeter? John Mahoney Fathom permits the user to randomize the sampling process to determine if the conclusions remain the same with different samples. Using the dynamic statistical software program, Fathom, this question is addressed by performing a Test for Independence of Categorical Attributes using a chi-square test. The question is whether the differences between the responses, based on gender, is statistically significant. In the problem a group of 200 voters are asked how they feel about the question: "The mayor is doing an excellent job." The gender and response from each voter is recorded in a table. This unit parallels a similar problem from the 2003 Advanced Placement Statistics exam. Do Women and Men Respond Differently to a Survey Question? John Mahoney There will be a worksheet and explanation to solve the problem with TI-83. The solution will run several samples so as to keep track of the expected family size and the expected probability of having a boy. Using Fathom, write a simulation to model theprobability that the family will have one boy. However, due to financial and medical concerns, they do not want to havemore than 3 children. Problem: A husband and wife want to have a boy to pass on the family name. I am working on writing a simulation to model the probability of a familyhaving a specified number of children. Data Analysis, Statistics and Probabilityĭrafts of Project Files ( password required)ĭownload all of the Fathom files in stuffed (Mac) format or zipped (PC) format.
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